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AIM: This study aims to achieve an international expert consensus on joint patterns during gait for children with cerebral palsy (CP) by means of Delphi surveys. METHOD: In Stage 1, seven local experts drafted a preliminary proposal of kinematic patterns for each lower limb joint in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse plane. In Stage 2, 13 experts from eight gait laboratories (four in the USA and four in Europe), participated in a Delphi consensus study. Consensus was defined by a pre-set cut-off point of 75% agreement among participants. RESULTS: After the first stage, 44 joint patterns were presented in a first survey and 29 patterns reached consensus. Consensus improved to 47 out of 48 patterns in the third survey. Only one pattern, 'abnormal knee pattern during loading response', did not reach consensus. The expert panel agreed to define six patterns for the knee during swing, most of them representing characteristics of a stiff knee pattern. INTERPRETATION: The defined joint patterns can support clinical reasoning for children with CP as joint patterns during gait might be linked to different treatment approaches. Automating the classification process and incorporating additional trunk, foot, and electromyography features should be prioritized for the near future.

Original publication

DOI

10.1111/dmcn.12892

Type

Journal article

Journal

Dev med child neurol

Publication Date

03/2016

Volume

58

Pages

306 - 313

Keywords

Ankle Joint, Biomechanical Phenomena, Cerebral Palsy, Child, Consensus, Delphi Technique, Gait Disorders, Neurologic, Hip Joint, Humans, Knee Joint, Pelvis