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The ER membrane protein complex (EMC) is required for the biogenesis of a subset of tail anchored (TA) and polytopic membrane proteins, including Rhodopsin-1 (Rh1) and the TRP channel. To understand the physiological implications of EMC-dependent membrane protein biogenesis, we perform a bioinformatic identification of Drosophila TA proteins. From 254 predicted TA proteins, screening in larval eye discs identified two proteins that require EMC for their biogenesis: fan and Xport-A. Fan is required for male fertility in Drosophila and we show that EMC is also required for this process. Xport-A is essential for the biogenesis of both Rh1 and TRP, raising the possibility that disruption of Rh1 and TRP biogenesis in EMC mutants is secondary to the Xport-A defect. We show that EMC is required for Xport-A TMD membrane insertion and that EMC-independent Xport-A mutants rescue Rh1 and TRP biogenesis in EMC mutants. Finally, our work also reveals a role for Xport-A in a glycosylation-dependent triage mechanism during Rh1 biogenesis in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Original publication

DOI

10.15252/embr.202153210

Type

Journal article

Journal

Embo rep

Publication Date

05/01/2022

Volume

23

Keywords

ER membrane protein complex, Rh1, TRP, Xport-A, tail anchored proteins, Animals, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, Drosophila, Drosophila Proteins, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Male, Membrane Proteins, Molecular Chaperones, Repressor Proteins, Rhodopsin