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The primary cilium is an organelle acting as a master regulator of cellular signalling. We have previously shown that disruption of primary cilia assembly, through targeting intraflagellar transport, is associated with muted nitric oxide and prostaglandin responses to the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Here, we show that loss of the primary cilium disrupts specific molecular signalling events in cytosolic NFκB signalling. The induction of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and inducible nitrous oxide synthase (iNOS) protein is abolished. Cells unable to assemble cilia exhibit unaffected activation of IκB kinase (IKK), but delayed and reduced degradation of IκB, due to diminished phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B (IκB) by IKK. This results in both delayed and reduced NFκB p65 nuclear translocation and nuclear transcript binding. We also demonstrate that heat shock protein 27 (hsp27), an established regulator of IKK, is localized to the ciliary axoneme and cellular levels are dramatically disrupted with loss of the primary cilium. These results suggest that the primary cilia compartment exerts influence over NFκB signalling. We propose that the cilium is a locality for regulation of the molecular events defining NFκB signalling events, tuning signalling as appropriate.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.04.004

Type

Journal article

Journal

Cell signal

Publication Date

08/2014

Volume

26

Pages

1735 - 1742

Keywords

Chondrocyte, IKK, Inflammation, Interleukin-1, NFκB signalling, Primary cilium, Animals, Cell Line, Chondrocytes, Cilia, Cyclooxygenase 2, HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins, I-kappa B Proteins, Interleukin-1beta, Mice, NF-kappa B, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Phosphorylation, Signal Transduction