Alcohol and bone health: A review
Zhang JJ., Clynes M., Robinson G., Cooper C., Dennison EM.
© 2015 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. Regular alcohol consumption is now widespread with public health concerns regarding the effect of excessive intake on all groups. This review considers the relationship between different levels of alcohol intake and bone health among adolescent, pre and post-menopausal women and men, and will discuss the possible mechanisms of alcohol's influence on bone health. In general, regular low levels of alcohol consumption are associated with above average bone mineral density (BMD), while excessive alcohol consumption is associated with reduced BMD possibly through a direct toxic effect on bone turnover but also through associated lifestyle factors.