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Single cell multi-omics characterise discrete human tendon cells populations that persist in vitro and on fibrous scaffolds.
Chronic tendinopathy represents a growing healthcare burden in the ageing global population. Curative therapies remain elusive as the mechanisms that underlie chronic inflammation in tendon disease remain unclear. Identifying and isolating key pathogenic and reparative cells is essential in developing precision therapies and implantable materials for improved tendon healing. Multiple discrete human tendon cell populations have been previously described ex vivo. To determine if these populations persist in vitro, healthy human hamstring tenocytes were cultured for 8 d on either tissue culture plastic or aligned electrospun fibres of absorbable polydioxanone. Novel single-cell surface proteomics combined with unbiased single-cell transcriptomics (CITE-Seq) was used to identify discrete tenocyte populations. 6 cell populations were found, 4 of which shared key gene expression determinants with ex vivo human cell clusters: PTX3_PAPPA, POSTN_SCX, DCN_LUM and ITGA7_NES. Surface proteomics found that PTX3_PAPPA cells were CD10+CD26+CD54+. ITGA7_NES cells were CD146+ and POSTN_SCX cells were CD90+CD95+CD10+. Culture on the aligned electrospun fibres favoured 3 cell subtypes (DCN_LUM, POSTN_SCX and PTX3_ PAPPA), promoting high expression of tendon-matrix-associated genes and upregulating gene sets enriched for TNF-a and IL-6/STAT3 signalling. Discrete human tendon cell subpopulations persisted in in vitro culture and could be recognised by specific gene and surface-protein signatures. Aligned polydioxanone fibres promoted the survival of 3 clusters, including pro-inflammatory PTX3-expressing CD10+CD26+CD54+ cells found in chronic tendon disease. These results improved the understanding of preferred culture conditions for different tenocyte subpopulations and informed the development of in vitro models of tendon disease.
UK Foot and Ankle Thromboembolism (UK-FATE).
AIMS: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potential complication of foot and ankle surgery. There is a lack of agreement on contributing risk factors and chemical prophylaxis requirements. The primary outcome of this study was to analyze the 90-day incidence of symptomatic VTE and VTE-related mortality in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery and Achilles tendon (TA) rupture. Secondary aims were to assess the variation in the provision of chemical prophylaxis and risk factors for VTE. METHODS: This was a multicentre, prospective national collaborative audit with data collection over nine months for all patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery in an operating theatre or TA rupture treatment, within participating UK hospitals. The association between VTE and thromboprophylaxis was assessed with a univariable logistic regression model. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify key predictors for the risk of VTE. RESULTS: A total of 13,569 patients were included from 68 sites. Overall, 11,363 patients were available for analysis: 44.79% were elective (n = 5,090), 42.16% were trauma excluding TA ruptures (n = 4,791), 3.50% were acute diabetic procedures (n = 398), 2.44% were TA ruptures undergoing surgery (n = 277), and 7.10% were TA ruptures treated nonoperatively (n = 807). In total, 11 chemical anticoagulants were recorded, with the most common agent being low-molecular-weight heparin (n = 6,303; 56.79%). A total of 32.71% received no chemical prophylaxis. There were 99 cases of VTE (incidence 0.87% (95% CI 0.71 to 1.06)). VTE-related mortality was 0.03% (95% CI 0.005 to 0.080). Univariable analysis showed that increased age and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade had higher odds of VTE, as did having previous cancer, stroke, or history of VTE. On multivariable analysis, the strongest predictors for VTE were the type of foot and ankle procedure and ASA grade. CONCLUSION: The 90-day incidence of symptomatic VTE and mortality related to VTE is low in foot and ankle surgery and TA management. There was notable variability in the chemical prophylaxis used. The significant risk factors associated with 90-day symptomatic VTE were TA rupture and high ASA grade.
Gender differences in foot and ankle sporting injuries: A systematic literature review.
BACKGROUND: In response to the all-time high of female sports participation, there has been increasing scientific discourse and media interest in women's sporting injuries in recent years. In gender comparable sports the rate of foot and ankle injury for women is higher than for men. There are intrinsic and extrinsic factors which may explain this difference. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines of PubMed, Ovid EMBASE and OVID MEDLINE. Relevant key terms were used to narrow the scope of the search prior to screening. Case reports, review articles, paediatric patients, non foot and ankle injuries and combat sports were excluded. We used dual author, two pass screening to arrive at final included studies. RESULTS: 2510 articles were screened after duplicate exclusion. 104 were included in this literature review. We identified lack of reporting gender difference in the literature.We identified that females have higher frequency and severity of injury. We provide an overview of our current understanding of ankle ligament complex injuries, stress fractures, ostochondral lesions of the talus and Achilles tendon rupture. We expand on the evidence of two codes of football, soccer and Australian rules, as a "case study" of how injury patterns differ between genders in the same sport. We identify gender specific characteristics including severity, types of injury, predisposing risk factors, anatomy, endocrinology and biomechanics associated with injuries. Finally, we examine the effect of level of competition on female injury patterns. CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of scientific reporting of gender differences of foot and ankle injuries. Female athletes suffer foot and ankle injuries at higher rates and with greater severity compared to males. This is an under-reported, yet important area of orthopaedics and sports medicine to understand, and hence reduce the injury burden for female athletes.
Role of Gynecologic Findings in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome: A Consensus.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of gynecologic findings in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) by reviewing current international guidelines and identifying relevant gynecologic co-morbidities.MethodsThis consensus statement was developed through a systematic four-phase process: (1) comprehensive literature review across PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases (inception-January 2025) using predefined search terms related to IC/BPS and gynecologic conditions; (2) assembly of a 6-member multidisciplinary expert panel including urologists, urogynecologists, gynecologists and pain specialists; (3) consensus development via modified Delphi technique comprising several electronic rating rounds and a face-to-face meeting, with consensus defined as ≥ 80% agreement; and (4) manuscript preparation with iterative review.ResultsA number of associated gynecologic disorders may overlap with IC/BPS, our consensus committee identified five main co-morbid disorders: Endometriosis/Adenomyosis, Genito-Pelvic Pain Penetration Disorder/Sexual Dysfunction, Overactive Pelvic Floor Muscles, Hormone- Associated Genitourinary Changes, Vulvodynia/Vestibulodynia.ConclusionWhile not exhaustive, this consensus highlights the most prevalent gynecologic co-morbidities supported by current literature. Clinical evaluation should prioritize a detailed medical history and pelvic examination to identify these overlapping conditions. Future directions include developing a multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment algorithm to guide clinicians-including urologists, gynecologists, urogynecologists, physical therapists-in comprehensive IC/BPS care.
Characterising Heatwave Responses and Climate Driver Impacts Using Multicollinearity-Controlled Generalised Linear Mixed Models in Urban and Forest Trees (2018–2023)
Abstract Climate change is intensifying stressors on tree ecosystems, creating an urgent need to understand how climate variables influence vegetation health. This study investigated the influence of leaf temperature, wind speed, surface pressure, and moisture levels on tree health in a deciduous forest at Aspley Heath and an urban area in Milton Keynes, UK, using the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) as a vegetation health indicator. Satellite data from 2018 to 2023 revealed multiple heatwave events, with leaf temperatures surpassing the critical thresholds of 38 °C and 42 °C, as determined through controlled experiments. Generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs) demonstrated strong interactions between climate variables and vegetation health. Increased leaf temperature was positively associated with NDVI in both ecosystems, though urban trees showed a weaker response (β = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.16–0.48, p < 0.001) compared to forest trees (β = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.35–0.55, p < 0.001), suggesting urban heat island effects limit thermal benefits. Since all predictors were standardised, these coefficients indicate that a 3.82 °C increase in leaf temperature corresponds to a 0.32 NDVI increase in urban areas and a 0.45 increase in forests, reflecting meaningful ecological responses to moderate warming. Wind speed had a consistently negative impact on NDVI, with stronger effects in urban areas (β = − 0.21, 95% CI: − 0.41 to − 0.02, p = 0.035) than in forests (β = − 0.17, 95% CI: − 0.29 to − 0.05, p = 0.004). Surface pressure showed positive associations with vegetation health (urban: β = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.03–0.31, p = 0.02; forest: β = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.04–0.24 p = 0.005), while moisture availability emerged as a critical factor, with forest trees displaying a stronger response (β = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.29–0.49, p < 0.001) compared to urban trees (β = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.20–0.40, p < 0.001). Additionally, time-lag analysis revealed that leaf temperature had both an immediate effect on NDVI (lag 0: β = 0.64, p < 0.001) and a smaller delayed influence the following day (lag + 1: β = 0.18, p < 0.001) on NDVI, highlighting short-term vegetation sensitivity to thermal stress. These findings highlight how urban and forest trees differ in their resilience to climate variables, emphasising the need for targeted environmental management strategies to mitigate climate-induced stressors and protect tree ecosystems. Graphical Abstract The graphical abstract provides a concise visual summary of the study, illustrating how climate variables impact tree health in contrasting urban and forest environments. Using satellite-derived NDVI data and Generalised Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs), the abstract displays the standardised effect sizes (β-values) for key leaf temperature, wind speed, surface pressure, and moisture availability predictors. Each climate variable is clearly labelled alongside its corresponding β coefficient to improve interpretability. Leaf temperature positively influenced vegetation health in both ecosystems, with a stronger effect in forests (β = 0.45) than in urban areas (β = 0.32). Similarly, moisture availability showed a more substantial effect in forests (β = 0.39) compared to urban areas (β = 0.30). Wind speed negatively affected tree health, with a more pronounced impact in urban environments (β = − 0.21) than in forests (β = − 0.17). Surface pressure showed a smaller but positive influence in both settings (urban: β = 0.17; forest: β = 0.14). A colour gradient background from cool blue-green on the forest side to warm orange-red on the urban side, as well as the blue and red thermometers respectively, represents the cooler environment in the forest compared to the warmer urban area. A thermometer icon with the warming planet next to the heatwave graph and spatial maps visually highlights the extreme heat events.
Chaotic Behavior of Lorenz-Based Chemical System under the Influence of Fractals
This research examines a chaotic chemical reaction system based on the variation of the Lorenz system. This study demonstrates that although the first phase portraits of the chemical models under consideration and the Lorenz models are comparable, they do not fully follow all the features of the Lorenz system. Questions about the existence of fractals in systems based on chemical reactions are addressed in the current work. Moreover, we have worked on the hidden information inside in each wings of a chaotic system generated through fractal process, for the first time, with the aid of basin for fractals. Additionally, we looked closely at the dynamics of the model across the basin, which revealed additional details regarding the existence of hidden and cyclic attractors inside each wing. We also produced multi-wings for system (1) in the current study, demonstrating in a general manner that the number of cyclic attractors increase in a direct relation to the number of wings. Moreover, Julia approach is used to accomplish the work of multi-wings, whereas for searching cyclic attractors inside each extra wing, we have used fifteen million initial conditions and compiled them as a basin set. The data generated in this work is also provided within this paper for the ease of readers.
CHANGES IN PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ACER CAMPESTRE WITH RISING HEAT IN 2022
In 2022 UK saw very hot seaon and I was lucky enough to collect physiology data that year on eight experimental trees on site of Open University. That data was instrumental in observing the change onmicroscopic level inside the leaf during three major heatwave events.
Effect of Temperature Variation on Maximum Fluorescence (Fm) in Acer Campestre
This poster is about the controlled exxperiment I performed inside the lab by manipulating the temperature values for the plant samples inside a water bath and observing their Fv/Fm values. The pupose of this work was to evaluate the heat tolerence utilizingchlorophyll a fluorescence, Leaf impairment is gauged either through the temperature-sensitive augmentation of the reduction in the variable to maximum fluorescence ratio (Fv/Fm), indicative of potential photosystem II (PSII) efficiency. Chlorophyll a fluorescence emission is influenced not solely by the physiochemical characteristics of PSII but also by leaf optical properties, including light absorption levels by leaves and PSII reaction centres. In instances where a stressor impacts leaf optical properties independently of physiochemical traits, such as under high temperatures (Takahashi and Badger, 2011), the utilization of fluorescence ratios (Fv/Fm) over absolute values (F0) is recommended, as ratios are prone to nullify potential inaccuracies (Baker, 2008).
OBSERVING IMPACTS OF HEATWAVES ON URBAN TREES OF MILTON-KEYNES USING GOOGLE-EARTH-ENGINE
Urban trees keeps the area cool through shading and evapotranspiration and reduces the impacts of heatwaves. Heatwave is an extreme meteorological event in which high temperature and humid weather persist for a prolonged duration that negatively impacts the environment. According to the met office of UK, heatwave is a persistent three or more days of hot weather with varying threshold ranging from 25˚C to 28˚C (equal or above 27˚C for Milton-Keynes). In this study, I have looked at the past five years heat impact on the health of urban trees using sentinel-2 data and NDVI parameter.
Existence of Solution and Self‐Exciting Attractor in the Fractional‐Order Gyrostat Dynamical System
This work identifies the influence of chaos theory on fractional calculus by providing a theorem for the existence and stability of solution in fractional‐order gyrostat model with the help of a fixed‐point theorem. We modified an integer order gyrostat model consisting of three rotors into fractional order by attaching rotatory fuel‐filled tank and provided an iterative scheme for our proposed model as a working rule of obtained analytical results. Moreover, this iterative scheme is injected into algorithms for a system of integer order dynamical systems to observe Lyapunov exponents and a bifurcation diagram for our proposed fractional‐order dynamical model. Furthermore, we obtained five equilibrium points, including four unstable spirals and one saddle node, using local dynamical analysis which acted as self‐exciting attractors and a separatrix in a global domain.
Global drought monitoring with drought severity index (DSI) using Google Earth Engine
AbstractUnlike most disasters, drought does not appear abruptly. It slowly builds over time due to the changes in different environmental and climatological factors. It is one of the deadly disasters that has plagued almost every region of the globe since early civilization. Droughts are scientifically being studied with the help of either simple or composite indices. At 500-m spatial resolution, this study presents global scale drought severity index (DSI), a composite index using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), 8-day temporal resolution evapotranspiration (ET), potential evapotranspiration (PET), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). This index is mainly used to identify meteorological droughts and also has proven reliable for studying agriculture droughts. In this study, Google Earth Engine (GEE), a cloud-based geospatial data computational platform, is used for drought mapping and monitoring from 2001 to 2019. For annual DSI spatial maps, the statistical median is computed ranging from − 1 to + 1, which means drought struck or dry regions have values closer to negative, and wet zones have values near to positive. For the validity of DSI results, the findings are compared with available records of droughts struck in previous years. This study declares that continent-wise, Australia, Africa, and Asia have the most extreme and frequent drought events while South America and North America come a close second. Europe is the least affected by this particular weather event when compared to other continents.