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Bone marrow stromal cells are believed to play a major role in bone formation as a major source of osteoprogenitor cells, however, very little is known about how the osteogenic differentiation of these cells is regulated by systemic hormones and local growth factors. We examined the effects of TGF-beta and its interaction with 1, 25(OH)(2) Vitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] on the differentiation and proliferation of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC) in secondary cultures. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was inhibited by TGF-beta (0.1-10 ng/ml) and increased by 1, 25(OH)(2)D(3) (50 nM), however, co-treatment of TGF-beta and 1, 25(OH)(2)D(3) synergistically enhanced ALP activity with maximal stimulation occurring at about 8 days after treatment. This synergistic effect was independent of proliferation because, in contrast to TGF-beta alone, combined treatment with TGF-beta and 1, 25(OH)(2)D(3) had no effect on hBMSC proliferation. As no synergistic effect was seen with combinations of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and other osteotrophic growth factors, including BMP-2, IGF-I, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), it would seem likely that the synergistic interaction is specific for TGF-beta. The increased ALP activity was due to an enhancement of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced ALP activity by TGF-beta, rather than vice versa. In contrast, TGF-beta inhibited 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced osteocalcin production. Taken together, these results indicate that TGF-beta and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) act synergistically to stimulate the recruitment of BMSC to the osteoblast lineage. This interaction may play an important role in bone remodeling.

Original publication

DOI

10.1007/s002239900678

Type

Journal article

Journal

Calcif tissue int

Publication Date

08/1999

Volume

65

Pages

173 - 180

Keywords

Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alkaline Phosphatase, Bone Marrow Cells, Calcitriol, Cell Differentiation, Cell Division, Cells, Cultured, Dexamethasone, Drug Synergism, Enzyme Inhibitors, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Osteocalcin, Osteogenesis, Stromal Cells, Transforming Growth Factor beta