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BackgroundSelf-administered questionnaires are widely used in primary care and other clinical settings to assess the severity of depressive symptoms and monitor treatment outcomes. Qualitative studies have found that changes in questionnaire scores might not fully capture patients' experience of changes in their mood but there are no quantitative studies of this issue. We examined the extent to which changes in scores from depression questionnaires disagreed with primary care patients' perceptions of changes in their mood and investigated factors influencing this relationship.MethodsProspective cohort study assessing patients on four occasions, 2 weeks apart. Patients (N = 554) were recruited from primary care surgeries in three UK sites (Bristol, Liverpool and York) and had reported depressive symptoms or low mood in the past year [68% female, mean age 48.3 (s.d. 12.6)]. Main outcome measures were changes in scores on patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and beck depression inventory (BDI-II) and the patients' own ratings of change.ResultsThere was marked disagreement between clinically important changes in questionnaire scores and patient-rated change, with disagreement of 51% (95% CI 46-55%) on PHQ-9 and 55% (95% CI 51-60%) on BDI-II. Patients with more severe anxiety were less likely, and those with better mental and physical health-related quality of life were more likely, to report feeling better, having controlled for depression scores.ConclusionsOur results illustrate the limitations of self-reported depression scales to assess clinical change. Clinicians should be cautious in interpreting changes in questionnaire scores without further clinical assessment.

Original publication

DOI

10.1017/s0033291719003878

Type

Journal article

Journal

Psychological medicine

Publication Date

04/2021

Volume

51

Pages

853 - 860

Addresses

Department of Psychology, University of Bath, BathBA2 7AY, UK.

Keywords

Humans, Cohort Studies, Prospective Studies, Reproducibility of Results, Depression, Affect, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care, Female, Male, Young Adult, Self Report, Surveys and Questionnaires, United Kingdom