Cookies on this website

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you click 'Accept all cookies' we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies and you won't see this message again. If you click 'Reject all non-essential cookies' only necessary cookies providing core functionality such as security, network management, and accessibility will be enabled. Click 'Find out more' for information on how to change your cookie settings.

OBJECTIVE: To derive a simple score for estimating the long-term risk of osteoporotic and hip fracture in individual patients with MS. METHODS: Using the UK General Practice Research Database linked to the National Hospital Registry (1997-2008), we identified patients with incident MS (n = 5,494). They were matched 1:6 by year of birth, sex, and practice with patients without MS (control subjects). Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the long-term risk of osteoporotic and hip fracture. We fitted the regression model with general and specific risk factors, and the final Cox model was converted into integer risk scores. RESULTS: In comparison with the FRAX calculator, our risk score contains several new risk factors that have been linked with fracture, which include MS, use of antidepressants, use of anticonvulsants, history of falling, and history of fatigue. We estimated the 5- and 10-year risks of osteoporotic and hip fracture in relation to the risk score. The C-statistic was moderate (0.67) for the prediction of osteoporotic fracture and excellent (0.89) for the prediction of hip fracture. CONCLUSION: This is the first clinical risk score for fracture risk estimation involving MS as a risk factor.

Original publication

DOI

10.1212/WNL.0b013e318266faae

Type

Journal article

Journal

Neurology

Publication Date

28/08/2012

Volume

79

Pages

922 - 928

Keywords

Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Body Mass Index, Bone Density, Comorbidity, Confidence Intervals, Databases, Factual, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Female, Hip Fractures, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Sclerosis, Osteoporosis, Osteoporotic Fractures, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Smoking, United Kingdom, Young Adult