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Lymphocytes egress from lymphoid organs in response to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P); minutes later they migrate from blood into tissue against the S1P gradient. The mechanisms facilitating cell movement against the gradient have not been defined. Here, we show that heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2) functions in down-regulation of S1P receptor-1 (S1PR1) on blood-exposed lymphocytes. T and B cell movement from blood into lymph nodes is reduced in the absence of GRK2 but is restored in S1P-deficient mice. In the spleen, B cell movement between the blood-rich marginal zone and follicles is disrupted by GRK2 deficiency and by mutation of an S1PR1 desensitization motif. Moreover, delivery of systemic antigen into follicles is impaired. Thus, GRK2-dependent S1PR1 desensitization allows lymphocytes to escape circulatory fluids and migrate into lymphoid tissues.

Original publication

DOI

10.1126/science.1208248

Type

Journal article

Journal

Science

Publication Date

30/09/2011

Volume

333

Pages

1898 - 1903

Keywords

Animals, Antigen-Antibody Complex, B-Lymphocytes, Blood, Cell Movement, Chemokines, Chemotaxis, Leukocyte, Down-Regulation, G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2, Ligands, Lymph Nodes, Lysophospholipids, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mutation, Receptors, Lysosphingolipid, Signal Transduction, Sphingosine, Spleen, T-Lymphocytes