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Autophagy in immunology
Research Group, Kennedy Institute
In the media
Pomegranates, turmeric and red grapes: the key to long life?
Article in The Guardian covering Professor Simon's research in autophagy and links to disease and ageing.
Anna Katharina (Katja) A Simon
PhD
Professor of Immunology
Katja Simon is studying cell fate in the hematopoietic system. She trained as an Immunologist under Avrion Mitchison at the DRFZ Berlin and found that TH1 cytokines are found in excess in human autoimmune diseases in her PhD. As a postdoc at the Centre d'Immunologie Marseille Luminy, she investigated transcription factors regulating thymic cell death. During her second postdoc in Oxford she pursued her interest in cell fate, studying cell death molecules (Trail and FasL) in thymic selection, inflammation and tumour immunity. As a principal investigator, she set up an independent line of enquiry investigating autophagy, another cellular process determining cell fate, in the hemato-immune system. Her group discovered that autophagy, the main conserved cellular bulk degradation pathway, maintains healthy red blood cells, stem cells and memory T cells and promotes differentiation while preventing ageing of the hematopoietic system.
Recent publications
Do metabolic fluxes change with age?
Journal article
Hofer SJ. et al, (2026), Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rapamycin Exerts Its Geroprotective Effects in the Ageing Human Immune System by Enhancing Resilience Against DNA Damage.
Journal article
Kell L. et al, (2026), Aging Cell, 25
phagy-regulated mitochondrial inheritance controls early CD8+ T cell fate commitment.
Journal article
Borsa M. et al, (2026), Nat Cell Biol, 28, 66 - 81
Autophagy acts as a brake on obesity-related fibrosis by controlling purine nucleoside signalling.
Journal article
Piletic K. et al, (2025), Nat Commun, 16
Dysfunctional mitochondria in ageing T cells: a perspective on mitochondrial quality control mechanisms.
Journal article
Luo L. et al, (2025), EMBO Rep, 26, 4402 - 4418
Rapamycin exerts its geroprotective effects in the ageing human immune system by enhancing resilience against DNA damage
Preprint
Kell L. et al, (2025)
Understanding and improving vaccine efficacy in older adults.
Journal article
Hofer SJ. et al, (2025), Nat Aging, 5, 1455 - 1470
phagy selectively clears ER in inflammation-induced muscle atrophy
Preprint
Dueren UK. et al, (2025)
Women in Autophagy: an initiative to promote gender parity in science.
Journal article
McCabe M. et al, (2024), Nat Cell Biol, 26, 2009 - 2012
Longevity biotechnology: bridging AI, biomarkers, geroscience and clinical applications for healthy longevity.
Journal article
Lyu Y-X. et al, (2024), Aging (Albany NY), 16, 12955 - 12976
Blocking glycosphingolipid production alters autophagy in osteoclasts and improves myeloma bone disease.
Journal article
Leng H. et al, (2024), Autophagy, 20, 930 - 932
Inheritance of old mitochondria controls early CD8 + T cell fate commitment and is regulated by autophagy
Preprint
Borsa M. et al, (2024)
Autophagy preserves hematopoietic stem cells by restraining MTORC1-mediated cellular anabolism.
Journal article
Borsa M. et al, (2024), Autophagy, 20, 45 - 57
phagy orchestrates the crosstalk between cells and organs.
Journal article
Piletic K. et al, (2023), EMBO Rep, 24
Adipocyte autophagy limits gut inflammation by controlling oxylipin and IL-10.
Journal article
Richter FC. et al, (2023), EMBO J, 42
The central role of DNA damage in immunosenescence.
Journal article
Kell L. et al, (2023), Front Aging, 4
Modulating glycosphingolipid metabolism and autophagy improves outcomes in pre-clinical models of myeloma bone disease.
Journal article
Leng H. et al, (2022), Nat Commun, 13
Mechanisms of spermidine-induced autophagy and geroprotection.
Journal article
Hofer SJ. et al, (2022), Nat Aging, 2, 1112 - 1129
ge-related mechanisms in the context of rheumatic disease.
Journal article
Alsaleh G. et al, (2022), Nat Rev Rheumatol, 18, 694 - 710
Mapping autophagosome contents identifies interleukin-7 receptor-α as a key cargo modulating CD4+ T cell proliferation.
Journal article
Zhou D. et al, (2022), Nat Commun, 13
GIMAP6 regulates autophagy, immune competence, and inflammation in mice and humans.
Journal article
Yao Y. et al, (2022), J Exp Med, 219
Heteroplasmy of Wild-Type Mitochondrial DNA Variants in Mice Causes Metabolic Heart Disease With Pulmonary Hypertension and Frailty.
Journal article
Lechuga-Vieco AV. et al, (2022), Circulation, 145, 1084 - 1101
B cell-intrinsic TBK1 is essential for germinal center formation during infection and vaccination in mice.
Journal article
Lee MSJ. et al, (2022), J Exp Med, 219
phagy takes it all - autophagy inducers target immune aging.
Journal article
Zinecker H. and Simon AK., (2022), Dis Model Mech, 15
Mapping of the autophagosomal degradome identifies IL-7Rα as key cargo in proliferating CD4+ T-cells
Preprint
Zhou D. et al, (2021)
Cell-extrinsic autophagy in mature adipocytes regulates anti-inflammatory response to intestinal tissue injury through lipid mobilization
Preprint
Richter FC. et al, (2021)
Role of autophagy in immune aging
Conference paper
Richter F. et al, (2021), European Journal of Immunology, 51, 10 - 10
EGFR-HIF1α signaling positively regulates the differentiation of IL-9 producing T helper cells.
Journal article
Roy S. et al, (2021), Nat Commun, 12
symmetric cell division shapes naive and virtual memory T-cell immunity during ageing.
Journal article
Borsa M. et al, (2021), Nat Commun, 12
Hallmarks and detection techniques of cellular senescence and cellular ageing in immune cells.
Journal article
Zhou D. et al, (2021), Aging Cell, 20
Regulating T-cell differentiation through the polyamine spermidine.
Journal article
Carriche GM. et al, (2021), J Allergy Clin Immunol, 147, 335 - 348.e11
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.
Journal article
Klionsky DJ. et al, (2021), Autophagy, 17, 1 - 382
Autophagy in T cells from aged donors is maintained by spermidine and correlates with function and vaccine responses.
Journal article
Alsaleh G. et al, (2020), Elife, 9
Beth Levine 1960-2020.
Journal article
Simon AK. and Mizushima N., (2020), Nat Cell Biol, 22, 909 - 910
Human Liver Memory CD8+ T Cells Use Autophagy for Tissue Residence.
Journal article
Swadling L. et al, (2020), Cell Rep, 30, 687 - 698.e6
Polyamines reverse immune senescence via the translational control of autophagy.
Journal article
Zhang H. and Simon AK., (2020), Autophagy, 16, 181 - 182
Polyamines Control eIF5A Hypusination, TFEB Translation, and Autophagy to Reverse B Cell Senescence.
Journal article
Zhang H. et al, (2019), Mol Cell, 76, 110 - 125.e9
Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition).
Journal article
Cossarizza A. et al, (2019), Eur J Immunol, 49, 1457 - 1973
Polyamines control eIF5A hypusination, TFEB translation, and autophagy to reverse B cell senescence
Journal article
Zhang H. et al, (2019), Molecular Cell, 76, 110 - 125
phagy in the renewal, differentiation and homeostasis of immune cells.
Journal article
Clarke AJ. and Simon AK., (2019), Nat Rev Immunol, 19, 170 - 183
Local exchange of metabolites shapes immunity.
Journal article
Richter FC. et al, (2018), Immunology, 155, 309 - 319
A single nucleotide polymorphism in the Plasmodium falciparum atg18 gene associates with artemisinin resistance and confers enhanced parasite survival under nutrient deprivation.
Journal article
Breglio KF. et al, (2018), Malar J, 17
Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased glycolysis in prodromal and early Parkinson's blood cells.
Journal article
Smith AM. et al, (2018), Mov Disord, 33, 1580 - 1590
Translational Control of TFEB and Autophagy via eIF5A Rejuvenates B Cell Immunity
Preprint
Zhang H. et al, (2018)
B1a B cells require autophagy for metabolic homeostasis and self-renewal.
Journal article
Clarke AJ. et al, (2018), J Exp Med, 215, 399 - 413
phagy dictates metabolism and differentiation of inflammatory immune cells.
Journal article
Riffelmacher T. et al, (2018), Autophagy, 14, 199 - 206
B1a B cells require autophagy for metabolic homeostasis and self-renewal
Working paper
Clarke A. et al, (2017)
In aged primary T cells, mitochondrial stress contributes to telomere attrition measured by a novel imaging flow cytometry assay.
Journal article
Sanderson SL. and Simon AK., (2017), Aging Cell, 16, 1234 - 1243
Insights into pancreatic β cell energy metabolism using rodent β cell models
Journal article
Morten KJ. et al, (2017), Wellcome Open Research, 2, 14 - 14
Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies.
Journal article
Cossarizza A. et al, (2017), Eur J Immunol, 47, 1584 - 1797
Autophagy-Dependent Generation of Free Fatty Acids Is Critical for Normal Neutrophil Differentiation.
Journal article
Riffelmacher T. et al, (2017), Immunity, 47, 466 - 480.e5
Molecular definitions of autophagy and related processes.
Journal article
Galluzzi L. et al, (2017), EMBO J, 36, 1811 - 1836