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Serial measurements of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are used as a biomarker for men diagnosed with prostate cancer following an active monitoring programme. Distinguishing pathological changes from natural age-related changes is not straightforward. Here, we compare four approaches to modelling age-related change in PSA with the aim of developing reference ranges for repeated measures of PSA. A suitable model for PSA reference ranges must satisfy two criteria. First, it must offer an accurate description of the trend of PSA on average and in individuals. Second, it must be able to make accurate predictions about new PSA observations for an individual and about the entire PSA trajectory for a new individual.

Original publication

DOI

10.1177/0962280213503928

Type

Journal article

Journal

Stat methods med res

Publication Date

10/2016

Volume

25

Pages

1875 - 1891

Keywords

fractional polynomials, functional principal components, linear mixed models, longitudinal data, prostate-specific antigen, regression splines, Aged, Aging, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Prostatic Neoplasms, Reference Values