COVID-19 therapeutics: challenges and directions for the future
Robinson PC., Liew DFL., Tanner HL., Grainger JR., Dwek R., Reisler RB., Steinman L., Feldmann M., Ho L-P., Hussell T., Moss P., RICHARDS D., ZITZMANN N.
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 triggering the COVID-19 pandemic ranks as arguably the greatest medical emergency of the last century. COVID-19 has highlighted health disparities both within and between countries and will leave a lasting impact on global society. Nonetheless, substantial investment in life sciences over recent decades has facilitated a rapid scientific response with innovations in viral characterisation, testing, and sequencing. Perhaps most remarkably, this permitted the development of highly effective vaccines which are being distributed globally at unprecedented speed. In contrast, drug treatments for established disease have delivered limited benefit so far. Innovative and rapid approaches in the design and execution of large-scale clinical trials and repurposing of existing drugs have saved many lives, however many more remain at risk. In this review we describe challenges and unmet needs, discuss existing therapeutics, and address future opportunities. Consideration is given to factors that have hindered drug development in order to support planning for the next pandemic challenge and to allow rapid and cost-effective development of new therapeutics with equitable delivery.