The failing medial compartment in the varus knee and its association with CAM deformity of the hip.

BACKGROUND: Since 2011, the knee service at the Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre has been offering a neutralising medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) to a specific group of patients with genu varum and early knee osteoarthritis. An observation was made concerning this group of patients and the presence of CAM deformity at the hip. The aim of this study is to establish whether or not any association exists between the OA phenotype shared by our HTO group and the incidence of CAM deformity at the hip. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed to estimate the prevalence of CAM-type lesions across different groups of individuals. Our HTO group (n=30) was compared to a pre-arthroplasty group (n=20) and control group (n=20). A total of 70 subjects were identified across the different groups all of whom had long-leg radiographs (LLRs) available for analysis. LLRs were analysed using an in house developed Matlab®-based (Matlab R2009b; MathWorks) software package for hip measurements and MediCAD® (Hectec GmbH, Germany) for lower limb alignment measurements. RESULTS: The HTO group had a significantly higher prevalence of CAM lesions (57%) than both the pre-arthroplasty (40%) and control (30%) groups. This difference was maintained when results were adjusted for potential confounding factors (age, gender and laterality). Across the groups, individuals with tibia vara were more likely to have CAM-deformity of the hip (p=0.021). CONCLUSION: Patients with symptomatic early knee OA and varus deformity of the knee have a high prevalence of CAM deformity in the hip.