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The peri-operative use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-2 receptor blockers is thought to be associated with an increased risk of postoperative acute kidney injury. To reduce this risk, these agents are commonly withheld during the peri-operative period. This study aimed to investigate if withholding angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-2 receptor blockers peri-operatively reduces the risk of acute kidney injury following major non-cardiac surgery. Patients undergoing elective major surgery on the gastrointestinal tract and/or the liver were eligible for inclusion in this prospective study. The primary outcome was the development of acute kidney injury within seven days of operation. Adjusted multi-level models were used to account for centre-level effects and propensity score matching was used to reduce the effects of selection bias between treatment groups. A total of 949 patients were included from 160 centres across the UK and Republic of Ireland. From this population, 573 (60.4%) patients had their angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-2 receptor blockers withheld during the peri-operative period. One hundred and seventy-five (18.4%) patients developed acute kidney injury; there was no difference in the incidence of acute kidney injury between patients who had their angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-2 receptor blockers continued or withheld (107 (18.7%) vs. 68 (18.1%), respectively; p = 0.914). Following propensity matching, withholding angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-2 receptor blockers did not demonstrate a protective effect against the development of postoperative acute kidney injury (OR (95%CI) 0.89 (0.58-1.34); p = 0.567).

Original publication

DOI

10.1111/anae.14349

Type

Journal article

Journal

Anaesthesia

Publication Date

10/2018

Volume

73

Pages

1214 - 1222

Keywords

acute kidney injury, angiotensin II receptor blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, postoperative complications, Acute Kidney Injury, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Comorbidity, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, Drug Administration Schedule, Elective Surgical Procedures, Female, Humans, Ireland, Male, Middle Aged, Perioperative Care, Postoperative Complications, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, United Kingdom, Withholding Treatment